Gyratory crushers



Jan. 21, 1958 J. s. BROMAN GYRATORY CRUSHERS Filed April 27, 1955 IN VEN TOR.

United States Patent GYRATORY CRUSHERS John Samuel Broman, Smedjebacken, Sweden, assignor to Morgardshammars Mek. Verkstads Aktiebolag, Morgardshammar, Sweden, a corporation of Sweden Application April 27, 1953, Serial No. 351,306 Claims priority, application Sweden July 1, 1952 Claims. (Cl. 241-211) It is known in gyratory crushers to arrange the crusher head On the crusher spindle and the crusher shell or concave of the frame, with which the crusher head co- Operates for the performance of the crushing operation, to be displaceable substantially axially with respect to one another, so that the crushing space between them increases, if non-crushable objects are, entrained with the both above and below the crushing space, it is known to arrange the spindle to be displaceable in the frame. The means hitherto made use of in this connection are relatively complicated, inasmuch as the crusher spindle is arranged to be-displaceable in the bearing carrying the upper end'thereof, so-that the length of the spindle end projecting upwardly above the bearing and thus the magnitude of thelateral movements of the spindle end vary with the position of the spindle.

The present invention refers to gyratory crushers with the crusher spindle mounted both above and below the crusher space and with the parts defining the crushing space (the crusher shell and/or thecrusher head) adjustable axially relatively'to each other against the action of a member yielding to a certain load. The invention has for its object to simplify and to improve the means by which the crusher spindle is carried in crushers of the type set forth. This is facilitated above all by the fact that the bearing surface of the top hearing which is spherical and is yieldingly supported, has its center displaceable together with the crusher spindle.

In this construction, the bearing center of the spindle will be displaced simultaneously with the point, in which the vertical center line of the crusher shell is intersected by the axis of the crusher shaft, that is to say with the zero-pointof the gyratory movement. It is thus advantageous to provide a spherical bearing to carry the upper end of the crusher shaft, such bearing then surrounding said zero-point. The resilient member may consist of a pressure-actuated annular plunger or the like, which is provided with a spherical bearing surface for a bearing member located on the crusher shaft, so that the spherical hearing will be formed thereby. The annular plunger or the like may be carried hydraulically or by means of springs, and its uppermost position may be determined by a stop member. This stop member may be mechanically adjustable, or may be adjustable by hydraulic means, for instance by a hydraulically adjustable plunger.

A few examples of the application of the invention are illustrated in the drawings. Fig. l is a diagrammatic representation of a vertical section through a gyratory 2,820,596 Patented Jan. 21,. 1958 ice 2 crusher with a hydraulically carried bearing for the upper end of the spindle, and Fig. 2 shows a similar section of the upper portion of a crusher with a bearing carried by springs.

In the drawing, 1 designates the frame of the crusher, 2 a top bearing housing secured at the top thereof, and 3 a bearing housing for the upper bearing 5 of an eccentric sleeve 4 in the frame. The lower bearing of the eccentric sleeve is denoted by 5. The crusher spindle 7 is mounted in the eccentric sleeve 4 by means of a lower bearing 6. 8 designates the crusher head secured on the crusher spindle, and 9 denotes an inner crusher mantle secured thereon, while 10 designates the concave fixedly arranged in the frame 1. The annular crushing space 11 is located between the crusher mantle 9 and the concave 10. The crushing space is open at the top for the dropping-down of material to be crushed, and is connected at the bottom to openings 12 for the discharge of material that has been crushed. The crusher is driven in the ordinary manner by the turning of the eccentric sleeve, and to this end there is provided a bevel gearing 13, 14 and a horizontal driving shaft 15.

The crusher spindle 7 is carried at the top by means of a spherical bearing consisting of a semi-spherical bearing member 16 retained on the upper spindle end by means of a nut 16' and of a corresponding spherical bearing surface 17 on a resiliently arranged member, which in the construction shown in Fig. 1 takes the form of an annular plunger 18 displaceably guided in the top bearing housing 2 formed as a cylinder. The cylinder space 19 underneath the plunger surface communicates through a conduit 20 with a contrivance for the supply of liquid under pressure, said contrivance being adapted to be controlled in the desired manner by means of valves or other devices.

The upperposition of the annular plunger 18 is determined by an adjustable stop member, which in the drawing takes the form of a cover 21 provided with a supporting flange 22 for the upper side of the annular plunger and with a border flange 23 with internal threads fitting threads on the outside of the bearing housing 2. Instead, the stop member may consist of a hydraulic plunger in the upper portion of the bearing housing.

24 designates the center lineof the stationary crusher shell, and 25 denotes the corresponding line of the crusher spindle. Said lines intersect each other at the point 0, which is the zero-point of the gyratory movement. When crushing takes place, the crusher head 8 revolves about the center line 24 by reason of the movement imparted to the lower end of the crusher spindle by the rotating eccentric sleeve 4.

Through the conduit 20 the cylinder space 19 is brought under a pressure such that the plunger 18 will be kept raised against the stop 21 with a certain initial force. During the crushing operation the pressure in the cylinder varies between the initial pressure and a releasing pressure determined by a safety valve 20 arranged in the conduit 20 and selected in such manner that safety is ensured against injury of the vital parts of the crusher. As long as the pressure caused in the cylinder 19 by the vertical component of the crushing force is within said limits, the crusher spindle with the head 8 and the mantle 9 takes its top position corresponding to the adjustment of the stop 21. Should the crushing force assume an exceptionally high value for some reason or other and the pressure in the cylinder consequently exceed the predetermined limit value, the safety valve 24) will open and oil will be pressed from the cylinder through the conduit 20, when the plunger and the parts carried by the same are forced downwardly. Raising of the plunger into the normal position by these parts is again efiected by the pressing of oil at the initial pressure through the pipe conduit 20 into the cylinder 19, as soon as the overload hasceased.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the bearing is kept raised by spring force instead of'by a hydraulic pressure. The spher'ical bearing 16, 17' may 'be 'of 'the same configuration as in' the preceding embodiments.

The resilient member is formed by asu pp orting device for a slide member, 18' corresponding to the annular plunger 18 and guided for axial displacement in the hearing housing 2. The supporting device consists of a ring 26 or perhaps of a flangeon'the slide member 18' and of springs 27 carrying said ring and resting at the bottom on a supporting 'fiange 28 on the top bearing housing. Bolts 29 thrust through the springs 27 extend through the flange 28 and are screwed into the ring 26. The slide member 18 is provided with a shoulder, by means of which it rests on the ring 26.-

By means of the threaded bolts 28 the springs'27 may be brought under a desired-initial tension. At overloading the springs will be compressed and thus permit a downward movement of the crusher spindle 7 with the crusher head 8. The initial tension may be varied :by

screwing the bolts 29 into the ring 26 and out of th 'same.

What I claim is: a

1. In a gyratory crusher having an upright crusher shaft carrying a crusher head adapted to cooperate with a' shell surrounding the head for crushingmateriab introduced into the shell and bearing means mounted fbelowthe head and guidingthe crusher shaft for movement about a center of gyr'ation located at the upper end of the crusher shaft, means providing a yielding suspension for the crusher shaft, said means comprising a bearing 'memberattached to the crusher shaft, an axially movable n plunger, said bearingmember and plunger having inten engaging spherical bearing surfaces defining the' center of 'gyration, a'cylinderreceiving said plunger,-*'-and an adjustable stop member above and limiting upwa'rd movement of said plunger and hence also of saidcrusher'shaft,

said' cylinder comprisingan inlet for introducing-"a-fiuid "pressuremedium actuating said plunger upwardly so "that the latter bears against -said:st0p' member with s rees termined initial 'force 2. In agyratory crusheras"claimed in claim lfas afety *valve in communication" with the cylinder to the 7 pressure actuating the plunger;

2,820,596 r a V a shaft carrying a crusher head, adapted to cooperate with a shell surrounding the head for crushing material introduced into the shell and bearing means mounted below the head and guiding the crusher shaft for move- 5 ment about a center of gyration locatedat the upper end of the crusher shaft, means providing a yielding suspension for the crusher shaft, said means comprising a hearing housing, a bearing member secured to the crusher shaft, and a supporting member guided axiallyin said 10 hearing housing, said bearing member and "supporting member having ifitereng'aging spherical bearing surfaces, and initially tensioned spring means carrying said supporting member.

4. A gyratory crusher as claimed in, claim 3 in which 15 the sp riiigs'ar mounted'b'etw'e'eu a supporting surface on the bearing housing and an Iabutment on the supporting member.

5. In a gyratory crusher havingan upright crusher shaft carrying'a crusherhead adapted to cooperatewith 0 a shell surrounding thehead-forcrushing material introduced into me shell andi'bear'ing means :mountedubelow h .;he d f mil guiding "the crusher ':shaft for movement about=a cerlter of vgyration located*at:=ther..upper :endof the criish'er shaft, means providing a yielding? suspension -for the' crusher-gshaft, said means comprising 'abearing inember attachedto thefcru'sher shaft, an axially movable plunger, saidbearing member and plunger having inter- Y "engaging sphericalbearing surfaces}definingi th center of gyratib'n', cylinder receiving said plun'ger;an adjusb able-stopmeinber above and limiting upward movement "of-said pluligef and hencealso of said "crushershaft-,-and yildable' m'eans actuatin said -plun en upward so that --the'-'latter bears against stop member hvitlr' a' predeferrnined -ifii tia1-force. l

'Australia .1 Sept 6, 1945 

